Jumat, 28 Februari 2014

Ban roll-your-own tobacco, prof says

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Photo by Gregor Richardson.

Photo by Gregor Richardson.



Roll-your-own tobacco is ''more dangerous'' than factory-made cigarettes and should be banned, says Prof Richard Edwards, head of public health at the University of Otago's Wellington campus.

Prof Edwards said roll-your-own tobacco was less natural and at least as harmful as factory-rolled tobacco and interventions were needed to encourage roll-your-own smokers to quit.


The interventions included mass media campaigns and pack warnings to correct misinterpretations that roll-your-own cigarettes were less hazardous and more natural.


A ''more radical move'' would be to ban the sale of loose tobacco, Prof Edwards said.


''Given that roll-your-own is more dangerous than factory-manufactured cigarettes, why do we allow them at all? Why not just get rid of them?''


In New Zealand, 38% of smokers rolled their own cigarettes, a rate much higher than anywhere else in the world, he said.


The Government should continue to tax loose tobacco more heavily than factory-rolled tobacco, he said.


''When the Government put up the tobacco tax quite substantially in 2010, they put it up more on roll-your-own than factory-manufactured and I'm suggesting that is something we might want to continue.''


The tax increase was justified because roll-your-own smokers rolled small cigarettes to make their habit cheaper than factory cigarettes.


In New Zealand, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada between 21% and 40% of roll-your-own smokers believed their cigarettes were more natural and less dangerous than factory-made cigarettes.


However, evidence revealed roll-your-own cigarettes were at ''least as hazardous'' as any other type of cigarette and had a much greater concentration of additives than manufactured cigarettes, Prof Edwards said.


In New Zealand the ''concentration of additives is higher in loose tobacco at about 18%, compared with 0.5% for factory-made cigarettes'', he said.


Evidence also revealed there was a high rate of roll-your-own cigarette smokers in disadvantaged groups in many countries, there being higher usage among New Zealand Maori, black South Africans and smokers of lower socioeconomic status in Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.


In New Zealand, roll-your-own smokers were more likely to have been diagnosed as having ''mental health, drug use and alcohol-related disorders and to have hazardous drinking patterns'', Prof Edwards said.


- shawn.mcavinue@odt.co.nz






Olympic sprinter's character at heart of Pistorius trial

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Hundreds of journalists from around the world will descend on the sleepy city of Pretoria next week for “the trial of the century,” as some local media are calling it. At the heart of it will be a debate over the character of a flawed hero: Olympic sprinter and double-amputee Oscar Pistorius.


Is he a gun-obsessed killer with an erratic temper? Or a tragic victim in a terrible accident that left his girlfriend dead? With no surviving eyewitnesses, except the “Blade Runner” himself, both sides in the murder trial that begins Monday will be spending much of their time arguing over the athlete’s personality, his fears and anger, his dangerous hobbies and his relationships with the women in his life.



More Related to this Story




Oscar Pistorius at a shooting range, from a video obtained by Sky News that shows him firing the pistol he used when he shot his girlfriend, among other weapons. Oscar Pistorius at a shooting range, from a video obtained by Sky News that shows him firing the pistol he used when he shot his girlfriend, among other weapons. SkyNews
Multimedia

Video: Oscar Pistorius firing the gun that killed his girlfriend, and other weapons


A South African judge rules that the murder trial of Olympic and track star Oscar Pistorius will be televised. Gavino Garay reports. A South African judge rules that the murder trial of Olympic and track star Oscar Pistorius will be televised. Gavino Garay reports. Reuters
Video

Video: Pistorius trial to be televised, judge says


On Valentine’s Day last year, Mr. Pistorius was arrested for shooting his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp, through a bathroom door with his 9mm pistol. He says he thought she was an intruder who had broken through the bathroom window of his luxury home in a gated compound. Prosecutors will maintain that he knew exactly whom he was shooting.


Mr. Pistorius is a South African sports icon who captured global fame for overcoming his childhood leg amputations and challenging able-bodied athletes in world competitions, finally winning the right to race in the Olympics itself, rather than solely the Paralympics, with the help of carbon-fibre blades.


So famous is he, and so compelling is his life story, that the trial that begins on Monday is being compared to the most famous murder prosecution of recent decades: the trial of U.S. football superstar O.J. Simpson in 1995.


For the first time in South Africa, TV networks have obtained court permission to broadcast most of the trial live, using small remote-controlled cameras. One local satellite TV network is even launching an entire channel to broadcast solely the latest Pistorius reports for the duration of the trial.


Presiding in the courtroom will be Thokozile Matilda Masipa, a highly regarded judge and the second black woman to become a judge in South Africa. She is described as a strong supporter of women’s rights. She will be assisted by two assessors. South Africa abolished jury trials in 1969.


A large portion of the trial will focus on Mr. Pistorius and his well-known love of guns. Two gun-related charges were added to the original indictment, repeating the allegation from several witnesses that he had previously fired an automatic handgun in two public places – a busy Johannesburg restaurant and the open sunroof of a car on a public road.


One headline in a South African newspaper, just a week before the trial, promised to bring readers “inside Oscar’s angry world.” The report speculated about his “violent reaction” to perceived threats because of his amputated legs and the “insecurity” that created.


This kind of psychological guesswork could be a foreshadowing of a deluge to come. Legal reporters in South Africa have predicted that it will be an “ugly” trial, marked by what the defence will describe as a “character assassination” of the Olympic athlete. Prosecutors will insist that the evidence of previous gun violations is relevant to the murder charges, since it demonstrates a volatile temper and a readiness to pull the trigger without good cause.


Much of the trial testimony will dissect the relationship between Mr. Pistorius and his fashion-model girlfriend. According to witness lists and leaked statements before the trial, the prosecutors will suggest that Mr. Pistorius and Ms. Steenkamp were loudly arguing before the shooting, with her screams echoing through the night air of the compound, before the gunshots abruptly silenced them.


At a bail hearing last year, the defence suggested that the witnesses were too far away to hear what was happening.


In another new development, the prosecution has reportedly accepted that Mr. Pistorius was on his stumps, rather than his prosthetic legs, when he moved toward the bathroom and shot Ms. Steenkamp. This might give some support to the defence argument that he was afraid of an intruder and rushed quickly to the bathroom without taking time to don his artificial legs.


Parallel to the murder trial will be a fierce battle for public opinion, since Mr. Pistorius is still hoping to revive his lucrative career as a celebrity competitor at track events around the world.


On the anniversary of the shooting, Mr. Pistorius revived his own Twitter account to issue a carefully worded statement, saying the death of Ms. Steenkamp was a “devastating accident” that “consumes me with sorrow.”


He has been portrayed in the local media as a party animal who loved fast cars, racehorses and night life. Even after his arrest and bail hearing last year, there were reports that he was still hitting the night clubs in Johannesburg.


But now the Pistorius camp is putting out a different spin. One report, quoting a source “close to him,” gives a very different portrait of the athlete as a quiet and reflective man who “asks people to pray for Reeva’s family.” The report, in South Africa’s You magazine, said Mr. Pistorius is “surrounded by pictures” of Ms. Steenkamp. “His faith carries him,” the report said.


This week, the Pistorius publicity machine announced a new weapon in its arsenal: a Twitter feed, @OscarHardTruth, to give his side of the story throughout the trial. Its tagline: “Truth shall prevail, innocent until proven guilty.” It promises to provide “information that will become clearer during the trial.”






Burgess stars in Rebels Super romp

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Melbourne Rebels halfback Luke Burgess sent a message to Wallabies selectors of his representative ambitions with a starring role in the Rebels' 35-14 Super Rugby win over the Cheetahs.


Burgess was a constant threat to the South Africans with his sniping runs from the back of the ruck and scored a try just before halftime to give his team a 17-0 lead.


With the unheralded line-up delivering an impressive performance right across the park, Burgess was awarded man of the match.


His strong combination with exciting 21-year-old five-eighth Bryce Hegarty was also a relief for Melbourne fans following the departure of former halves Nick Phipps and Kurtley Beale to NSW.


Burgess, 30, is playing his first full Super season since he left the Waratahs at the end of 2011 to play with Toulouse in France.


He earned 37 Test caps before then and is intent on adding to that tally.


But first his main concern is helping the Rebels build on their most promising start.


"Everyone's been working really hard and you've got to run with the momentum that we've developed," Burgess said.


"I'm never really happy with my own game but I think the team played well and you've got to give it to the forwards because they were great at the breakdown and that makes a massive difference to the speed of the game."


The scoreline was the biggest win of the Rebels short history and impressed incoming coach Tony McGahan ahead of their trip to Perth to meet the Force next round.


But he said their biggest test lay ahead.


"We need to get some consistency and string together back-to-back results like the other sides are," McGahan said.


"We've got to continue the hard work; we've dipped our toe in the water but we're going to face different strengths every week and we're going to have to be able to adapt."


Meanwhile, the Rebels announced they have signed New Zealand-born Japanese international Male Sau.


The 26-year-old, who has 13 Test caps, can play either 10 or in the centres.






bassador of Kazakhstan to South Africa appointed

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Ambassador of Kazakhstan to South Africa appointed

akorda New Ambassador of Kazakhstan to South Africa was appointed in accordance with presidential decree, the press service of the President reported today.


Talgat Kaliyev has been appointed the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Republic of South Africa.


17:01 28.02.2014






107 Somali migrants rescued off Libyan coast

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TRIPOLI, Libya (AP) - An official in Libya says the country's coast guard has rescued 107 Somalis on a tugboat that nearly capsized while trying to reach Europe.


Col. Ayoub Qassim said Friday that the migrants included men, women and children. Qassim said the coast guard found them Thursday a few miles off the coast near the capital, Tripoli.


Qassim told journalists that after being rescued, the migrants confessed to throwing seven people into the sea to stop the ship from capsizing.


Libya remains chaotic more than two years after the overthrow of dictator Moammar Gadhafi. That's allowed it to become a prime springboard for migrants trying to reach Europe. Scores die every year while making the dangerous journey in search of a better life.


Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


Read the original story: 107 Somali migrants rescued off Libyan coast







107 Somali migrants rescued off Libyan coast

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Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013

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As we mark the 65th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights this year, the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices highlight the continued pursuit of “free and equal dignity in human rights” in every corner of the world. Based on factual reporting from our embassies and posts abroad, these Congressionally mandated reports chronicle human rights conditions in almost 200 countries and territories. The reports draw attention to the growing challenges facing individuals and organizations as governments around the world fall short of their obligation to uphold universal human rights.


I have seen firsthand how these reports are used by a wide range of actors – by Congress in its decision-making processes surrounding foreign security sector assistance and economic aid; by the Department of State and other U.S. government agencies in shaping American foreign policy; and by U.S. citizens, international nongovernmental organizations, foreign governments, human rights defenders, lawyers, journalists, scholars, and others who are committed to advancing human dignity.


Governments that protect human rights and are accountable to their citizens are more secure, bolster international peace and security, and enjoy shared prosperity with stable democratic countries around the world. Countries that fail to uphold human rights can face economic deprivation and international isolation. Despite that simple truth, these reports show that too many governments continue to tighten their grasp on free expression, association, and assembly, using increasingly repressive laws, politically motivated prosecutions and even new technologies to deny citizens their universal human rights, in the public square, and in virtual space.


This is evident in our report on Syria, where the government has committed egregious human rights violations in an ongoing conflict that has claimed more than 100,000 lives, displaced millions, and created an opening for violent extremists that continues to endanger regional stability and our own national security.


As President Obama has said, “Strong nations recognize the value of active citizens. They support and empower their citizens rather than stand in their way, even when it is inconvenient – or perhaps especially when it is inconvenient – for government leaders.”


Unfortunately, these reports describe new and existing legislative restrictions, in countries such as Russia, that continue to curb civil society and political opposition and target marginalized populations, including religious and ethnic minorities, and the LGBT community. In countries such as China, a lack of judicial independence has fueled a state-directed crackdown on activists and suppression of political dissent and public advocacy. In Ukraine, the prior government increased pressure on civil society, journalists, and protesters calling for government accountability and a future with Europe, but as we all just saw Ukrainians demonstrated once again the power of people to determine how they are governed.


The reports also cover setbacks to freedom of assembly around the world, from Cuba to Egypt, where governments used excessive force to quell peaceful protests and dissent.


Governments that commit human rights abuses and fail to hold perpetrators accountable are not only acting against their best interest, but against our own. In countries where human rights are denied, violent extremism and transnational crime take root, contributing to instability, insecurity, and economic deprivation.


In South Sudan, a new democracy struggles to turn the page on decades of armed conflict and human suffering. Conflict fueled by political competition and interethnic violence threatens to derail the country’s fragile gains since independence. Gross human rights violations committed by the Sudan People’s Liberation Army as well as by anti-government forces jeopardize regional security as well as the democratic future of the world’s youngest country.


As Secretary of State, I meet with many brave individuals who risk their lives daily to advance human rights, in spite of the threat of violence and government attempts to silence their voice. These reports and the abuses they describe signal to the human rights defenders and activists under siege that the U.S. government recognizes their struggle and stands with civil society.


We at the Department of State will continue to press governments to uphold fundamental freedoms. We remain committed to advocating on behalf of civil society and speaking out for the protection of human rights for all individuals.


I hereby transmit the Department of State’s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013 to the United States Congress.


John F. Kerry Secretary of State






107 Somali migrants rescued off Libyan coast

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Scotland to offer asylum to Ugandans persecuted by anti-gay laws

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  • Humza Yousaf, Scotland External Affairs Minister, tells William Hague to act

  • New laws criminalise promotion of homosexuality and include lesbians

  • President Museveni also printed 'top 200 homosexuals' in newspaper

  • Mr Yousaf wrote open letter to Hague blasting 'draconian law'


By Mia De Graaf


|




Vow: Humza Yousaf, Scotland's Minister for External Affairs, told William Hague action must be taken against Uganda's new 'draconian law' tightening constraints on homosexuals

Vow: Humza Yousaf, Scotland's Minister for External Affairs, told William Hague action must be taken against Uganda's new 'draconian law' tightening constraints on homosexuals



Scotland has vowed to offer asylum to gay Ugandans facing life-imprisonment under the country's new oppressive set of laws.


Humza Yousaf, Scotland's Minister for External Affairs, announced the plan in an open letter to UK Foreign Secretary William Hague - urging him to follow suit.


It comes just weeks before he is due to meet senior members of the Ugandan government at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow this summer.


The anti-homosexuality legislation was enacted earlier this week, strengthening the country's already strict laws relating to gay people.


President Museveni also ordered one of the country's newspapers to publish a list of the so-called top 200 homosexuals, including some that not identified themselves as gay.


Currently, international treaties say people must prove they have a 'well-founded fear' of persecution for reasons of race, religion, ethnicity or political opinion if they are to obtain asylum.


Urging Mr Hague to challenge the Commonwealth nation, Mr Yousaf wrote: 'Scotland will play her part in providing asylum for those seeking refuge from this draconian legislation.'


Today he added: 'The Scottish Government is deeply concerned the Anti-Homosexuality Bill in Uganda has been signed into law.


'This is a huge step back for equality and I have written to the UK Government asking them to make the strongest possible representations to the government of Uganda.


'I have also urged the UK Foreign Secretary to offer asylum to any Ugandans who suffer threat or persecution as a result of the legislation.


'It goes without saying that Scotland, where possible, will play her part and assist the UK Government in providing asylum for those seeking refuge from this draconian law.'


Uproar: The new legislation, passed this week, have criminalised the 'promotion of homosexuality'. Activists have blasted the laws but, facing life-imprisonment, cannot show their faces

Uproar: The new legislation, passed this week, have criminalised the 'promotion of homosexuality'. Activists have blasted the laws but, facing life-imprisonment, cannot show their faces



Homosexuality was already illegal in Uganda, but the new legislation now includes lesbians and criminalises 'the promotion of homosexuality'.


Mr Yousaf's move was welcomed by the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC).


General secretary Grahame Smith said: 'The oppressive legislation enacted by the Ugandan government criminalising the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community is an affront to freedom and equality.


'The STUC welcomes this initiative by the Scottish Government and we would urge the UK Government to support this proposal to allow Ugandans, under threat of imprisonment as a consequence of their sexuality, to find refuge in Scotland.'


In a previous statement, Foreign Secretary William Hague has berated discrimination in Uganda

In a previous statement, Foreign Secretary William Hague has berated discrimination in Uganda



The Kaleidoscope Trust, an LGBT pressure group, told The Herald: 'We have always felt the Games had an important part to play in tackling the scandal of LGBT abuses in the Commonwealth and welcome the Scottish Government taking the bull by the horns.'


Last year, judges at the European Court of Justice said homosexuals facing imprisonment may have sufficient grounds to be allowed to stay in the EU.


The existence of laws imprisoning homosexuals 'may constitute an act of persecution per se' if they are routinely enforced, the court said.


Mr Hague has yet to comment but in a previous statement he said: 'We ask the government of Uganda to protect all its citizens and encourage tolerance, equality and respect.


'We will continue to press the government of Uganda to defend human rights for all, without discrimination on any grounds.'